Codrul Cosminului
Department of Human, Social and Political Sciences, 2021
Vol. 27, Issue 1
July 2021
Paper title:
Funding Provided for Medical and Sanitary Assistance and Treatment of Repatriates in the Ukrainian SSR (1944-1950)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4316/CC.2021.01.010
Published in:
Issue 1, (Vol. 27) / 2021
Publishing date:
2021-07-31
Pages:
193-216
Author(s):
Liubov Dyptan, Olexandr Potyl’chak
Abstract:
This article thoroughly presents the issue of financial support for sanitary treatment, medical examination, and treatment of repatriates who returned to the Ukrainian SSR in 1944-1950. It is argued that an analysis of certain activities of the Soviet repatriation department is somewhat indicative as it allows us to assess the motivations and priorities of the totalitarian state’s Government in matters related to the return of the USSR’s citizens back home with the status of “displaced persons”. The authorities acted pragmatically in financing the costs of sanitary and medical needs of returned citizens. In the dynamics of this process, the authors distinguish three separate chronological stages. Namely, (1) the commencement of repatriation process, (2) mass repatriation period, and (3) subsequent repatriation process. At the first stage (autumn, 1944 – spring, 1945), there was no centralised provision of financial costs for carrying out sanitary treatment, medical examination, and treatment of sick repatriates. During the mass repatriation (summer 1945 – spring 1946), the Government provided increased centralised financing of the health needs of repatriated citizens. After the return of the bulk of repatriates to the Ukrainian SSR, the authorities sharply reduced funding for medical and sanitary support for the subsequent repatriation process. From the spring of 1946 until the end of 1949, the Government only funded mandatory anti-epidemic measures. The structure of the budget expenditures on the health care of repatriates demonstrates that the authorities’ apparent priority in this matter was to prevent the spread of epidemic diseases. Instead, the provision of medicine and inpatient treatment of the so-called “internal” diseases were not among their priorities.
Keywords:
World War II, Budget, Health care, Repatriation, Communism, Ukrainian SSR, Medical assistance.


References:
         1. Andreyev A. S., Ahitatsiyno-propahandystsʹka diyalʹnistʹ radyansʹkykh orhaniv repatri-atsiyi sered “peremishchenykh osib” z Ukrayiny (1944-1953 rr.) [Agitational and propagandistic activities of the Soviet repatriation authorities among the "displaced persons" from Ukraine (1944-1953)], Kyiv, Vydavnytstvo “DIA”, 2018, 256 p.
         2. Arzamaskin Yu. N., Deyatel'nost' sovetskikh gosudarstvennykh i voyennykh organov re-patriatsii v 1944-1953 gg. [Activities of the Soviet state and military departments of repatriation in 1944-1953], Dis. d-ra ist. nauk, 07.00.02., Moskva, 2000, 523 s.
         3. Batyrev V., Denezhnoye obrashcheniye vo vtoroy period voyny (analiticheskaya zapis-ka) [Money circulation in the second period of the war (analytical note)], in Po stranitsam arkhivnykh fondov Tsentral'nogo banka Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Denezhnoye obrashcheniye v SSSR perioda Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny v dokumentakh (1941-1945) [According to the pages of the archives of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Money circulation in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War in documents (1941-1945)], Moskva, Tsentral'nyy bank RF, 2008, vyp. 5, p. 77-83.
         4. Bethell Nicholas, The last secret: Forcible Repatriation to Russia 1944-1947, London, 1974, 304 р.
         5. Bichekhvost A. F., Istoriya repatriatsii sovetskikh grazhdan: trudnosti vozvrashcheniya (1944-1953 gg.) [The history of the repatriation of Soviet citizens: the difficulties of returning (1944-1953)], Saratov, Saratovskaya gosudarstvennaya akademiya prava, 2008, 534 p.
         6. Danylenko V. M., (Ed.), Povoyenna Ukrayina: narysy sotsialʹnoyi istoriyi (dr. pol. 1940-kh – seredyna 1950-kh rr.) [Postwar Ukraine: Essays on Social History (second half of the 1940s - mid-1950s)], Kyiv, 2010, kn. 1, ch. 1-2.
         7. Dyptan L. S., Medyko-sanitarne stanovyshche v Ukrayini u 1944-1946 rr. i mihratsiyi naselennya [Medical and sanitary situation in Ukraine in 1944-1946 and migration of the population], in “Hileya: naukovyy visnyk”, 2017, vyp. 125(10), p. 78-83.
         8. Dyptan L. S., Orhanizatsiyne zabezpechennya medyko-sanitarnoho obsluhovuvannya repatriantiv na terytoriyi Ukrayinsʹkoyi RSR u 1944-1947 rr. [Organizational support for health care of repatriates in the territory of the Ukrainian SSR (1944-1947)], in “Hileya: naukovyy visnyk”, 2018, vyp. 130(3), p. 64-69.
         9. Dyptan L. S., Medyko-sanitarne zabezpechennya repatriantiv na prykordonnykh pere-virochno-filʹtratsiynykh punktakh NKVS SRSR v Ukrayini v 1944-1945 rr. [Medico-sanitary support for repatriates on the Border Filtration Points of the NKVD of the USSR in Ukraine (1944-1945)], in “Viysʹkovo-istorychnyy merydian. Elektronnyy naukovyy fakhovyy zhur-nal” [Military-Historical Meridian: Electronic scientific journal], 2018, vyp. 1(19), p. 36-46.
         10. Derzhavnyy arkhiv Kyeva [State Archives of Kyiv], Fund Р-106, Register 6.
         11. Elliott Mark R., Pawns of Yalta. Soviet Refugees and America's Role in Their Repatri-ation, Urbana – Chicago – London, University of Illinois Press, 1982, 287 p.
         12. Goeken-Haidl Ulrike, Der Weg zurück. Die Repatriierung sowjetischer Kriegsgefange-ner und Zwangsarbeiter während und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg [The way back. The repatriation of Soviet prisoners of war and forced laborers during and after the Second World War], Essen, Klartext-Verl, 2006, 573 s.
         13. Halʹchak S. D., Orhanizatsiyni zakhody radyansʹkoyi storony z pidhotovky do repatri-atsiyi “peremishchenykh osib” [Soviet organizational arrangements to prepare for the repatriation of "displaced persons"], in “Storinky voyennoyi istoriyi Ukrayiny” [“Pages of military history of Ukraine”], 2003, vyp. 7, ch. 2, p. 173-182.
         14. Halʹchak S. D., Stanovyshche tsyvilʹnykh prymusovykh robitnykiv Raykhu v Ukrayini (1945-2010 rr.): istorychni, sotsialʹno-pobutovi, pravovi aspekty (na materialakh Volyni ta Podillya) [Situation of Reich Civilian Forced Workers in Ukraine (1945-2010): historical, social and legal aspects (based on Volyn and Podillya materials)], Vinnytsya, 2012, 512 p.
         15. Halʹchenko S. I., Misʹke naselennya Tsentralʹnykh oblastey Ukrayiny v umovakh nor-movanoho postachannya (1943–1947 rr.) [Urban population of the Central regions of Ukraine in the conditions of standardized supply (1943–1947)], Dys. kand. ist. nauk, 07.00.01., Cherkasy, 2007, 215 p.
         16. Herasymova M. S., Vplyv radyansʹkoyi torhivli na povsyakdenne zhyttya naselennya Donbasu v 1945-1953 rr. [The impact of Soviet trade on the daily life of the population of Donbass during 1945-1953], in “Nauka. Relihiya. Suspilʹstvo” ["Science. Religion. Society"], Donetsʹk, 2011, № 2, p. 42-47.
         17. Jacobmeyer Wolfgang, Vom Zwangsarbeiter zumHeimatlosenAuslaender. Die Dis-placed Persons in Deutschland 1941-1945 [From forced labourer to homeless foreigner. The Displaced Persons in Germany 1941-1945], in “Kritische Studien zur Geschichtswessenschaft“ [“Critical studies on history”], Göttingen, Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht in Göttingen, 1985, Bd. 65, 323 s.
         18. Kunytsʹkyy M. P., Prymusova repatriatsiya radyansʹkykh hromadyan do SRSR pislya Druhoyi svitovoyi viyny (ukrayinsʹkyy vektor) [Forced repatriation of Soviet citizens to the USSR after the Second World War (Ukrainian vector)], Lutsʹk, VAT “Volynsʹka oblasna drukarnya”, 2007, 248 p.
         19. Meleshko N. B., Systema orhaniv repatriatsiyi “peremishchenykh osib” na terytoriyi Ukrayinsʹkoyi RSR (1944-1953): orhanizatsiya, struktura, funktsionuvannya [The system of repatriation “displaced persons” in the Ukrainian SSR (1944-1953): organization, structure, functioning], Dys. kand. ist. nauk, 07.00.01., Kyiv, 2014, 257 p.
         20. Pastushenko T. V., Ostarbaytery z Kyivshchyny: verbuvannya, prymusova pratsya, repatriatsiya (1942-1953) [Oriental workers from Kyiv Region: Recruitment, Forced Labor, Repatriation (1942-1953)], Kyiv, In-t istoriyi Ukrayiny, 2009, 282 p.
         21. Polyan P. M., Zhertvy dvukh diktatur: Zhizn', trud, unizheniya i smert' sovetskikh voyennoplennykh i ostarbayterov na chuzhbine i na rodine [Victims of two dictatorships: Life, work, humiliation and death of Soviet prisoners of war and Oriental workers in a foreign land and at home], 2-ye izd., pererab. i dop., Moskva, ROSSPÊN, 2002, 606 p.
         22. Potylʹchak O. V., Terentʹyev M. V., Perevirochno-filʹtratsiyni punkty NKVS SRSR dlya “peremishchenykh osib” na Volyni u 1944 rotsi [Inspection and filtration points of the NKVD of the USSR for "displaced persons" in Volyn in 1944], in Materialy XXX Vseukrayinsʹkoyi naukovo-praktychnoyi istoryko-krayeznavchoyi konferentsiyi “Mynule i suchasne Volyni ta Polissya. Storinky voyennoyi istoriyi krayu” (24-25 bereznya 2009, Lutsʹk) [Proceedings of the XXX All-Ukrainian scientific-practical historical and local lore conference “Past and present of Volyn and Polissya. Pages of military history of the region” (Lutsk, March 24-25, 2009)], Lutsʹk, 2009, p. 292-297.
         23. Potyl'chak A. V., Proverochno-fil'tratsionnyye punkty NKVD-MVD v sisteme uchrezh-deniy repatriatsii peremeshchennykh lits na teritorii Ukrainy v 1944-1947 godakh [Checking and filtering points of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs in the system of institutions for the repatriation of displaced persons on the territory of Ukraine in 1944-1947], in Istorik i yego vremya. Pamyati profesora V. B. Konasova [The historian and his time. In memory of Professor V. B. Konasov], Vologda, 2010, p. 305-316.
         24. Potylʹchak O. V., Perevirochno-filʹtratsiyni punkty NKVS SRSR dlya peremish-chenykh osib na terytoriyi Ukrayiny u 1944 rotsi [Inspection and filtration points of the NKVD of the USSR for displaced persons in the territory of Ukraine in 1944], in “Voyenna istoriya” [“Тhe Military History”], 2010, № 3(51), p. 110-117.
         25. Prymachenko Ya. L., Peremishcheni osoby [Displaced person], in Entsyklopediya is-toriyi Ukrayiny [Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine], Kyiv, Naukova dumka, 2011, t. 8, p. 129.
         26. P'yankevich V. M., Repatriatsii i trud voyennoplennykh kak istochnik vosstanovleni-ya ekonomiki SSSR posle Vtoroy mirovoy voyny: voprosy istoriografii [Repatriation and labor of prisoners of war as a source of economic recovery in the USSR after World War II: issues of historiography], Sankt-Peterburg: Nestor, 1999, 29 p.
         27. Semiryaga M. I., Sud'ba sovetskikh voyennoplennykh [The fate of the Soviet prisoners of war], in “Voprosy istorii” ["Questions of history"], 1995, № 4, p. 19-33.
         28. Shevyakov A. A., Repatriatsiya sovetskogo mirnogo naselennya i voyennoplennykh, okazavshikhsya v okkupirovannykh zonakh gosudarstv antigitlerovskoy koalitsii [Repatriation of Soviet civilians and prisoners of war trapped in the occupied zones of the anti-Hitler coalition states], in Naseleniye Rossii v 1920-1950-ye gody: chislennost', poteri, migratsii [The population of Russia in the 1920s-1950s: number, losses, migration], Moskva, 1994, p. 195-222.
         29. Tolstykh I. N., Repatrianty Novgorodskoy oblasti v 1944-1948 gg. [Repatriates of the Novgorod Region during 1944-1948]. Dis. kand. ist. nauk, 07.00.02., Velikiy Novgorod, 2005, 184 p.
         30. Tolstoy N. D., Zhertvy Yalty [Victims of Yalta], Moskva, Russkiy put', 1996, 544 p.
         31. Tsentralʹnyy derzhavnyy arkhiv vyshchykh orhaniv vlady ta upravlinnya Ukrayiny, Kyiv [Central State Archives of Supreme Authorities and Governments of Ukraine in Kyiv], Fund 2, Register 7; Register 8.
         32. Tsentralʹnyy derzhavnyy arkhiv hromadsʹkykh obʺyednanʹ Ukrayiny, Kyiv [Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine in Kyiv], Fund 1, Register 23.
         33. Vertiletskaya Ye. V., Repatrianty v Sverdlovskoy oblasti v 1944 – nachale 1950-kh gg. [Repatriates in the Sverdlovsk Region in 1944 – early 1950s], Dis. kand. ist. nauk, 07.00.02., Yekaterinburg, 2004, 244 с.
         34. Govorov I. V., Repatriatsiya na Severo-zapade RSFSR 1944-1949 gg. [Repatriation in the North-West of the RSFSR 1944-1949], Dis. kand. ist. nauk, 07.00.02., Sankt-Peterburg, 1998, 324 p.
         35. Zemskov V. N., K voprosu o repatriatsii sovetskikh grazhdan 1944-1951 gg. [To the question of repatriation of Soviet citizens 1944-1951], in “Istoriya SSSR” [“History of the USSR”], 1990, № 4, p. 26-41.
         36. Zemskov V. N., Repatriatsiya peremeshchennykh sovetskikh grazhdan [Repatriation of displaced Soviet citizens], in Voyna i obshchestvo, 1941-1945, v 2 kn., kn. 2, Moskva, RAN, In-t rossiyskoy istorii, 2004, p. 331-358.
         37. Zemskov V. N., Nachal'nyy etap repatriatsii sovetskikh voyennoplennykh i interniro-vannykh grazhdanskikh lits (vtoraya polovina 1944 g.) [The initial stage of the repatriation of Soviet prisoners of war and interned civilians (second half of 1944)], in “Geopoliticheskiy zhurnal” [“Geopolitical Journal”], 2013, № 2, p. 272-289.
DOWNLOAD